Addicted: America’s Opioid Crisis (2019)

Addicted: America’s Opioid Crisis is a compelling documentary that delves into the devastating relationship between Americans and opioids. Released in 2019, it sheds light on the factors that triggered the opioid crisis and its subsequent evolution. Let’s explore some key aspects of this crisis:

1. The Opioid Epidemic:
   • The opioid epidemic has wreaked havoc on millions of lives in the United States. It is characterized by a dramatic increase in drug overdose deaths, primarily due to opioids.
   • In 2017 alone, approximately 12 million Americans misused opioids, leading to more than 47,000 opioid overdose deaths.
2. Three Waves of Opioid Deaths:
   • The crisis unfolded in three waves:
     • Wave 1 (1990-2004): The initial surge in opioid-related deaths.
     • Wave 2 (2005-2010): A continuation of the crisis.
     • Wave 3 (2011-2016): The most recent wave, which saw a significant spike in fatalities.
   • These waves highlight the urgency of addressing the problem at multiple levels.
3. The Addiction Cycle:
   • People with substance use disorders cycle through three stages:
     • Binge or Intoxication: The initial phase of drug use.
     • Negative Affect or Withdrawal: The aftermath of drug use, often accompanied by emotional distress.
     • Preoccupation or Anticipation (Craving): The intense desire for the drug.
   • These stages are associated with specific neural circuits involving the basal ganglia, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex.
4. Interventions and Research:
   • Managing and preventing opioid use disorder (OUD) is crucial for curbing the crisis.
   • Researchers continue to explore mechanisms of opioid-induced adverse effects, neurobiology of addiction, and treatment options.
   • Public health efforts aim to raise awareness, improve access to treatment, and reduce opioid prescriptions.

In summary, Addicted: America’s Opioid Crisis provides a sobering look at the impact of opioids on individuals, families, and communities. It underscores the need for comprehensive strategies to combat this public health emergency.